Chest Diseases

What is Chest Diseases?

It is a specialty that deals with the treatment of diseases of the Respiratory System in the thorax. The respiratory system starts from the nose and sinuses and continues to the very end of the lung.

What is Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that progresses in attacks with shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and chest tightness. It progresses with crises, in the early stages of the disease, between crises, the patient is completely normal. It is quite common. It is more common in developed countries, and it exceeds 10% in some countries. Asthma is a hereditary (hereditary, genetic) disease. It is triggered by many factors. Factors such as ALLERGY, domestic and environmental air pollution, psychological problems and stress, SMOKING, cold weather, exercise, some drugs, some occupational environments, upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, chemicals, cleaning agents and perfumes, gastric reflux can trigger asthma. Smoking is a very important factor, a major risk factor. Asthma is triggered in children in smoking houses. Babies of smokers during pregnancy are also more likely to develop asthma.

Asthma may be a simple finding, such as a STRONG Cough in some cases, while in some cases there are severe episodes of shortness of breath and wheezing. It is often seen together with upper respiratory tract allergies, colds, sneezing, nasal congestion may accompany asthma symptoms.

Most common house dust mites (Mites or mites, the arthropod creature that makes up the majority of the acarina subspecies together with ticks. It feeds on skin dust and particles shed from the human body.[citation needed] Billions of mites live in the human body. It is mostly found in carpets, sofas, beds, and hairy or dirty environments. There are up to 55 mites that live in humid areas and cause asthma. There are 156 kinds of mites. It is thought that 5 to 10 million mites live in a bed that has been used for 5 years. They pose a great danger to human health.) Cat and dog hairs, tree and flower pollen, mold fungi, cause allergies.

What is the Treatment of Asthma?

While it is fairly easy to diagnose during a crisis, it can be difficult in between. For this, Respiratory Function Test, Allergy Test, Lung X-ray, Some Blood Tests are required. Treatment, Although it is possible to treat asthma in its early stages, only complaints can be controlled in advanced stages. The most important drugs are inhaled inhalers (spray and powder drugs taken by breathing). They are extremely safe and habit-forming. They can also be used safely during pregnancy.

Some of the drugs are used as a reliever in times of crisis, and some are drugs that prevent attacks and control asthma. If they are used regularly, asthma does not progress and patients lead a normal life. If these drugs are not used regularly, asthma progresses and complaints become continuous. Regular Chest Diseases Specialist control is important.

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

It is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The difference from asthma is that it is a progressive and permanent disease.

Cough, expectoration, wheezing, shortness of breath, sometimes bruising.

It is an increasing disease all over the world and ranks 5th among the causes of death. 2.5 million people die from COPD. There are close to 3 million COPD patients in our country. The most important factor in this disease is SMOKING.

Also, Occupational Dusts, Air Pollution, Infections are risk factors. Since there is shortness of breath during advanced exertions in the first stages, the disease is ignored in these stages and the disease progresses and doctors are consulted in the late stages. This complicates the treatment. Treatment in COPD varies according to disease stages and should be continuous.

COPD is a progressive and disabling disease. In advanced stages, bruising, swelling of the feet and even right heart failure are seen. Attacks increase especially in winter months.

For diagnosis, Pulmonary Function Tests, Lung X-rays, ECG, Blood tests and, if necessary, Lung Tomography are used. Inhalers, expectorants, and inhalers are used in COPD. Protective vaccines are made.

The treatment should be continuous and regular Chest Diseases Specialists control is required.ir.

Smoking should never be continued and stopped. Treatment may not be possible as long as smoking.

Lung Cancer

It is the most common cancer in men. It also ranks high in women. Its frequency is increasing in countries with increasing cigarette smoking. While approximately 1/5 of cancers are lung cancer, approximately 1/3 of cancer deaths are from Lung Cancer. It is one of the cancers with the lowest 5-year survival rate.

Cough, sputum production, loss of appetite, weight loss, loss of strength, weakness, fever, pain, blood in sputum are important findings. Organ signs of spread can also be seen. Smokers attribute some findings to smoking, which leads to a delay.

The risk of Lung Cancer in a person who has smoked for 20 years is 25 times higher than that of a non-smoker. For this reason, if these symptoms start in smokers, examinations should be performed.

Lung X-ray, Sputum Tests, Lung Tomography, Bronchoscopy (internal examination of the airways) should be performed. Smokers over the age of 40 must go through Chest Diseases control every year and have a Lung X-ray.

The chance of treatment in the early stages is very high, the chance of treatment in the advanced stages is very low.

Lung Surgery, Drug and Radiation Therapy are applied.

Lung Tuberculosis

This disease, known as tuberculosis, is as old as human history and its causative agent was discovered by Koch 130 years ago.

Pulmonary tuberculosis may present with general symptoms such as weight loss, loss of appetite, mild fever, sweating at night, and weakness, as well as cough, sputum production, blood spitting, and shortness of breath in advanced cases. Diabetes, advanced nutritional disorders, severe stress, AIDS, some occupational diseases and alcoholism may cause tuberculosis to occur more frequently.

When these findings are present, Lung X-ray, Sputum Test, Skin Test (PPD) should be performed. If there is a disease, the family should be screened. The treatment is to use regular and controlled drugs for 6 months.

Sleep Apnea, Respiratory Sleep Disorder

It is the condition of weakening and stopping of breathing during sleep. There is excessive snoring.

At this stage, oxygen decreases in the blood. As a result of this being continuous and repetitive, the rhythm and continuity of sleep is disturbed, and when night sleep is not enough, excessive daytime sleepiness, attention disorder, inability to remember, headaches occur. In advanced stages, there is a risk of drowsiness and accident at the wheel during the day.

Overweight, genetic factors, stress, alcohol, anatomical disorders of the upper respiratory tract cause this disease.

Diagnosis is made with the SLEEP TEST. It is treated with a special device. CPAP device is used. Some patients may require surgery. Alcohol should be stopped and weight should be lost.

Patients with untreated and progressive Sleep Apnea may have traffic accidents. The risk of blood pressure and stroke is high.

Pneumonia (Pneumonia)

It is a lung infection and occurs with bacteria, viruses and parasites. The air sacs (alveoli) are filled with inflammatory cells, infectious agents and serum.

High fever, chills, sputum production, frequent breathing, weakness, cough, chest pain and dyspnea and bruising may occur in cases of advanced pneumonia.

Advanced age, Smoking, Staying in intensive care, Exposure to cold air, Presence of a chronic heart or lung disease, Alcoholism, substance abuse, Some neurological diseases with impaired consciousness, Foreign body aspiration, Exposure to harmful gases may cause illness.

Lung X-ray, Sputum and Blood tests, Lung Tomography are performed for diagnosis.

Treatment is performed standing up and in inpatients in advanced cases. Especially the elderly, Chronic lung, heart or kidney patients, Alcoholism or substance abuse, Inadequate response to 3-day antibiotic treatment at home, Unconsciousness, Hypertension, Widespread pneumonia, Too high or too low white blood cell (leukocyte) count, Presence of pleurisy (Water collection in the lung membrane), Development of a picture of kidney failure, Excessive anemia, Too much respiratory rate, In the presence of bruising, he should be hospitalized. Sometimes Intensive Care may also be required.

ATTENTION:

IF YOU SMOKE, Cough and Sputume, FEEL WEAKNESS, SPEAK, HOW YOU HAVE A STRONG BREATH, MAKE SURE TO CONTACT A CHEST DISEASES SPECIALIST, HAVE YOUR EXAMINATIONS DONE> IF YOU HAVE A TREATMENT...